Volcanoes

Natural "Lakes" form only naturally - either in mountainous areas or volcanic landscape. Water bodies with contour bunding or cemented borders and wall\s are no more than tanks.

Fumaroles, geysers, hydrothermal vents, and hotsprings make an eerie outwordly landscape. It can potentially create a lava lake or also a fresh water lake which will be filled with chemicals like sulphur, ferrous oxides, nitrogen Carbon compounds etc making it a lethal cocktail unfit for human, animal or plant consumption. But over a period of time the surrounding areas become infinitely fertile and rich in bio and zoo diversity.

Japan being on the Ring of Fire is home to many volcanoes. Together with volcanic emissions and oceanic westerlies Japan enjoys balmy weather except in the higher latitudes and higher reaches despite Japan being in the temperate zone.

Volcanic snow-scape in Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. Kamchatka is on the Ring of Fire.

A peep into volcanic crater or caldera reveals boiling magma.

The caldera / crater widens as the lava boils over the rim.  The white deposits are sulphur deposits, the red patches are ferrous oxides, the brown areas are older lava.

Vancouver Island in Canada, geologists expect will sever from the mainland in a matter of time ... The magmatic activity combined with tectonic shift and sea level rise / coastal incursion will factor for the severing of Vancouver from Mainland North America.

Beautiful landscape ... snow bound volcanic peaks emitting ash clouds reflect in a lake at Sunset ... inspiring a million lives on planet earth!

This is a picture of a lava lake. Part of complex geological forces that are capable of melting layers of icebergs ... Volcanoes have a significant rol to play in Climate Change.

Containing complex Carbon compounds in the lava ... volcanic emissions surprisingly do not pollute the atmosphere; on the contrary (scientists allude) that the sulphur compounds have a way of cooling the Carbon emissions from both industrial and volcanic emissions. Science of volcanism is still a research work in progress.

A rare picture of lava in a cave mouth revealing the roof of a a cave.

Magma (when still underground) is inching its way to the surface to become lava (overground) in Hawaii.

Lava stabilises ambient temperature because on a global scale they melt glaciers periodically to sustain the sea level globally. Sulphur dioxides and compounds cool Carbon emissions in the atmosphere. However climatologists and volcanologists differ on the amount of carbon neutralisation that volcanoes are capable of.

Magma chamber or lava lake in a cave? Tell us on director@digitaldiscourse.org.in / directordigitaldiscourse@gmail.com

Lava lake burts out from a magma chamber

When the lava from the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii meets the Pacific Ocean the combustion in the waters of the Pacific Ocean creates Land! Amazing are the ways of Mother Nature.

geologically speaking Indonesia sits on an evolving plate hence active volcanoes create land,  stabilise micro climate and global Climate in the long run, Mount Bromo in East Java Indonesia, they have a life cycle  of one - four years.

The question remains of the lava is flowing on a geologically predetermined fault line ...

These eerie volcanic snowscapes in both Iceland and Kamchatka have a critical role to play regarding Climate Change.

  

  The 2018

  Where land is created by fire spreading to the Ocean... A picture from Kilauea volcano in Hawaii.

Can you believe that these snow capped mountains are volcanoes? This bleak landscape is not a picture... its a geological reality in Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. One can see the split in the summit ... its the volcanic cone split by the magma chamber.

 Mud volcanoes on the other hand are not at all productive. The destruction wrought by mud volcanoes are permanent.

 Mud volcanoes have left their paths devoid of all fertility and inhabitability... if one can say that.

The mud volcanoes can create such summits and peaks too